He demonstrated that the motion of objects on Earth and celestial bodies could be accounted for by the same principles. Newton used his mathematical description of gravity to derive Kepler's laws of planetary motion, account for tides, the trajectories of comets, the precession of the equinoxes and other phenomena, eradicating doubt about the Solar System's heliocentricity. In the Principia, Newton formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation that formed the dominant scientific viewpoint for centuries until it was superseded by the theory of relativity. Newton also made seminal contributions to optics, and shares credit with German mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz for developing infinitesimal calculus. His pioneering book Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica ( Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), first published in 1687, consolidated many of his previous results and established classical mechanics. He was a key figure in the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment that followed.
Sir Isaac Newton FRS (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726/27) was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author who was described in his time as a natural philosopher.
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